I te mea kei te huri tonu ngā waka hiko (EV) i te ao kawe waka, he mea nui te wheako utu ngāwari me te ngāwari ki te whakatenatena i te tini o te tangata ki te whakamahi i ngā EV. Ko te urunga uaua ki ngā teihana utu, te whakatere i ngā whatunga utu maha, me ngā pūnaha utu koretake ka waiho hei aukati i ngā kaipupuri EV pea, hei whakararuraru rānei i te hunga kua huri ki te nekenekehanga EV. Kei te haere mai te Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ā, ka hurihia e ia te pūnaha utu EV. Kua hangaia te OCPP hei whakahaere i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā teihana utu EV me ngā pūnaha whakahaere, kia whakarite ai i te ngāwari, te mahi tahi, me te whai huatanga mō tētahi whatunga utu pakari me te ngāwari ki te whakamahi.
He aha te OCPP – te Kawa Pūwāhi Utu Tuwhera?
Ko te Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) he kawa tono mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā teihana utu waka hiko (EV) (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūwāhi utu EV) me ngā pūnaha whakahaere utu EV (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko CMS). Ko te tikanga, ko te OCPP he "reo" noa me te hongere e āhei ai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai i waenga i ēnei kaitākaro matua e rua i roto i te pūnaha utu EV.
I hangaia tuatahitia a OCPP i te tau 2009 hei paerewa i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā rihi EV me ngā pūnaha whakahaere. Ahakoa ngā kawa motuhake, he tūāpapa tuwhera tonu a OCPP. Mā tēnei tuwhera ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi teihana utu te hono i tētahi whatunga ki tētahi teihana utu, hei whakatairanga i te auahatanga, te whakataetae, me te urunga atu ki te umanga utu EV.
Ngā Painga o te OCPP
1. Te whakarato i te ngāwari me te haumarutanga ki ngā kaipupuri teihana utu
Mā te OCPP ka taea e ngā kaipupuri teihana utu te whakawhiti i ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga ina hiahiatia, ā, mā reira ka tiakina ā rātou haumitanga me te ārai i te tawhito o ngā rawa. Mena ka puta te kaihanga teihana utu i te mākete, ka taea e ngā kaipupuri te neke ki tētahi atu whatunga e tutuki ana i te OCPP me te kore e ngaro te mahi. Mā tēnei kōwhiringa tuwhera ka akiaki i te whakataetae i waenga i ngā kaihanga me ngā kaiwhakarato whatunga, ka whakaitihia ngā utu, ka whakapai ake i te ratonga, ā, ka whakatairanga i te auahatanga. Nō reira,Te utunga EV Kua tere te whānui o ngā hanganga, ā, kua nui ake ngā kōwhiringa utu mō ngā taraiwa EV.
2. Ka āhei te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whānui i waenga i ngā teihana utu me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga whatunga kia taea ai te whakarato ratonga whatunga hiko (pēnei i te urupare ki te tono) me te whai hua.
Mā te nekehanga ki te horopaki kore-tukunga i te tau 2050 ka piki ake te hiahia mō te hiko, e ārahihia ana e te hiko o te kawe waka, te whakamahana whare, me ētahi atu ahumahi. I taua wā anō, ko te horapa o ngā pūtake pūngao hou pēnei i te rā me te hau, e rerekē ana te whakaputanga i runga i te rangi me te wā o te rā, kua nui ake te pēhanga ki te whatunga hiko. Ka whakawerohia e ēnei huringa hihiri te pumau me te pono o te whatunga hiko, ka akiaki i ngā kamupene hiko ki te rapu otinga auaha pēnei i ngā kaupapa whakautu tono.
He aha te urupare ki te tono?
Ko te urupare ki te hiahia ko te whakataurite i te hiahia o te whatunga hiko mā te akiaki i ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te neke i tā rātou whakamahinga hiko ki ngā hāora kāore i te pīki, ina nui ake te hiko, ina iti iho rānei te hiahia.
Ko te tikanga ka tutukihia tēnei mā roto i ngā whakatenatena utu, i ētahi atu utu pūtea rānei. Ko te urupare ki te hiahia, me ngā whatunga hiko atamai me ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao, he mea nui ki te pupuri i te ngāwari o te whatunga hiko, te whakaiti i te pānga o te pūngao hou e rerekē ana, me te whakarite i te pumau o te whatunga hiko i ngā hāora kawenga nui.
Te Tūranga o te OCPP i roto i te Whakautu i te Hiahia
Kia angitu ai ngā kaupapa whakautu tono, he mea nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero maeneene i waenga i ngā taputapu utu hiko me ngā ratonga hiko. Me taea e ngā taputapu utu hiko te whakarerekē, te whakamutu rānei i tā rātou whakamahinga hiko i runga i te tono whatunga hiko. Ka whakamahia e te OCPP ngā hongere taunekeneke kua whakapumautia i waenga i ngā taputapu utu hiko me ngā pūmanawa whakahaere hei whakahaere i tēnei whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Ngā Painga o te Whakautu Tono a te OCPP
· Te whai huatanga o te utu: Mā te whakamahi i ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o nāianei, ka whakaitihia e te OCPP ngā utu tāpiri e pā ana ki te whakauru i ngā rihi ki roto i ngā kaupapa whakautu tono.
· Ngāwari ake te whakamahi: Mā ngā rihi hiko e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga OCPP ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa whakahaere whatunga hiko, me te whakarite kia taurite te tuku me te tono hiko.
· Hanganga ā-mua: I te honotanga ki te OCPP, ka taea e ngā whatunga utu te urutau ki te āhua o te hiko e huri haere ana, me te tautoko i ngā mahi whakahou whānui o te whatunga hiko.
Mā te whakauru i ngā āheinga whakautu tono mā te OCPP, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whai wāhi atu ki te pumau o te whatunga hiko, engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te uara o ā rātou whatunga utu i roto i tētahi pūnaha hiko pumau.
3. Whakanuia te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko mā te urunga kotahi me te wheako kaiwhakamahi māmā ake
He mea nui te wheako utu ngāwari, ngāwari hoki, hei akiaki i te tini o te tangata ki te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko (EV). Mā te uaua o te urunga ki ngā utu, te whakatere i ngā whatunga utu maha, me ngā pūnaha utu kāore i te ōrite, ka taea te whakararuraru i ngā kaipupuri EV pea, te whakararuraru rānei i te hunga kua huri kē ki te nekenekehanga EV.
Mā te tiwhikete OCPP ka aro atu ki ēnei wero mā te whakatū i tētahi huinga kawa paerewa e whakarei ake ana i te ōritetanga me te mahi tahi puta noa i ngā whatunga utu. Mā te whakarite kiangā utu Mā te tutuki i ēnei paerewa, ka taea e te OCPP te whakaiti i ngā arai ki te whakaurunga me te whakatairanga i tētahi wheako kaiwhakamahi kotahi, kia māmā ake ai te utu EV.
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga o te wheako kaiwhakamahi pumau e puritia ana e te tiwhikete OCPP ko:
1. Te tīmatanga o te utu a ngā taraiwa
2. Te utu a ngā taraiwa mō te utu
3. Te urunga atu ki ngā rihi mai i ngā whatunga maha mā te taupānga kotahi, mā te kōtaha utu rānei
4. Te utu paerewa puta noa i ngā whatunga utu rerekē
Te Pikitia Whānui: Te Tautoko i te Whakamahinga o te EV
Mā te whakaiti i ngā pūwāhi waku i roto i te tukanga utu, ka hangaia e te OCPP he pūnaha e māmā ake ai te taraiwa. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake i te wheako o ngā kaipupuri EV o nāianei anake, engari ka whakamanahia hoki ngā kaihoko pea he whai hua, he watea hoki te pupuri i tētahi EV. Mā te hanganga utu kotahi ka hanga whakawhirinaki, ka akiaki hoki i te whakamahinga whānui o ngā EV, he mea nui tēnei hei whakateretere i te whakawhiti ki te kawe waka pumau.
Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui ngā rihi kua whakamanahia e te OCPP ki te waihanga i tētahi whatunga utu kotahi, e aro ana ki te kaiwhakamahi, kia māia ai ngā taraiwa, kia tautokona hoki i a rātou e whakamahi ana i te hangarau EV.
Me pēhea te mahi a te OCPP?
I te wāhanga o mua, i ako tātou ko te Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) e whakarato ana i tētahi otinga kotahi mō te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā teihana utu me tētahi pūnaha matua, ahakoa ko wai te kaihoko.
Ko te OCPP te ara whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga iNgā teihana utu EVme ngā pūnaha whakahaere utu EV. E whakaahua ana te wāhanga e whai ake nei me pēhea te āwhina a OCPP i ēnei rōpū rerekē e rua i roto i te pūnaha utu EV ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tetahi ki tetahi, me ētahi atu mahi kei a ia hei tāpiri atu ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
1. Whakawhiti Karere
Mā te OCPP ka taea e ngā teihana utu me ngā pūnaha whakahaere te whakawhitiwhiti karere mō te āhua o nāianei o te teihana utu.
Hei tauira, ko ngā karere ka uru atu ki:
· Ahakoa kei te wātea te rihi, kei te whakamahia, kei te hiahiatia rānei he tiaki
· Ina tīmata, ina mutu rānei te tukanga utu
· Mita whakapaunga o nāianei, mita wā noho rānei
· Ngā mōhiohio tātaritanga teihana utu
2. Aroturuki Mamao
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūwāhi utu te whakamahi i te OCPP hei aroturuki mamao i ā rātou teihana utu.
3. Whakamanatanga
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūwāhi utu te whakamahi i te OCPP hei whakamana i te urunga atu ki ngā teihana utu.
4. Whakahōu Pūmanawa
Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere te tuku tono whakahōu pūmanawa ki te teihana utu, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakaū me te whakahaere i te whakahōu.
5. Utu me te Nama
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere pūwāhi utu te whakamahi i te OCPP hei whakauru i ngā pūnaha utu me te nama rerekē.
6. Utu Atamai
E tautoko ana a OCPP i ngā āhuatanga utu atamai pērā i te taurite kawenga me te whakamahinga kōtaha utu.
7. Kaupapa Whakautu Hiahia
Mā te OCPP ka taea e ngā rihi te kōrero ki te whatunga hiko, ki ngā kaupapa ratonga rānei, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i te hiahia hiko.
He kupu whakataki ki ngā putanga OCPP o nāianei kei te mākete
I te tau 2010, i tukuna te Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2, ā, i tukuna te OCPP 1.5 i te tau 2013. Kāore ēnei putanga tōmua e tiakina ana e OCA, nō reira i whakaurua mai e mātou ngā putanga o muri mai, arā, ko te OCPP 1.6 i tukuna i te tau 2015 me te OCPP 2.0.1 i tukuna i te tau 2020. He hototahi whakamuri te OCPP 2.1 me te OCPP 2.0.1. E matapaetia ana ka tukuna te OCPP 2.1 i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2025.
E rua ngā momo whakatinanatanga OCPP
SOAP: Ko te Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) he kawa e hangai ana ki te karere e whakamahi ana i te XML hei tohu raraunga. Ko te SOAP he anga e taea ai te tuku karere i waenga i ngā wāhanga i runga i te Ipurangi. Ko te painga o te SOAP ko te paerewa e kapi ana i ngā mahi tuku me te whiwhi karere. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakatinana tere.
JSON: He hōputu whakawhiti raraunga māmā te JavaScript Object Notation, he māmā hoki ki te tangata te pānui me te tuhi, ā, he māmā hoki ki ngā mīhini te wetewete me te whakaputa. He māmā ake te pānui me te tuhi i te XML. E hangai ana ki tētahi huinga iti o JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
E hanga ana te OCPP 1.6 i runga i te OCPP 1.5, me te whakauru i ngā tau o te wheako mahi me ngā tono angitu huri noa i te ao. Mai i tōna whakarewatanga i te tau 2012, kua whakatinanahia whānuitia te OCPP 1.5 e ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā ratonga whakahaere huri noa i te ao. I runga i tēnei kaupapa,OCPP 1.6 ka whakaurua mai ētahi whakapainga nui, tae atu ki ngā āheinga utu atamai me te tautoko mō JSON me SOAP mā WebSocket.
Kei roto hoki i tēnei putanga ētahi whakapainga, pērā i ngā tuhinga mārama ake me ngā whakahoutanga hei whakarei ake i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā hua o ngā kaihoko rerekē. Kei roto i ngā āhuatanga hou nui ko ngā āheinga tātaritanga whānui ake (pērā i ngā waehere take), te tūnga pūwāhi utu tāpiri, me ngā āheinga TriggerMessage, ā, kua hangaia katoatia ēnei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te mākete.
Kei te pupuri tonu te OCPP 1.6 i ngā mahi matua o te putanga o mua, ā, kei te whakauru mai i ētahi whakahoutanga me ngā whakatikatika mō ngā take ngaro e mōhiotia ana e kore ai e hototahi ki te OCPP 1.5. Ko te whāinga o ēnei whakapainga he whakarato ratonga pai ake ki ngā kaiwhakahaere teihana utu (CPO) me te wheako pai ake mō ngā taraiwa waka hiko huri noa i te ao.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te OCPP 1.6 ko:
· OCPP 1.5
· Ngā putanga SOAP me JSON
· Ka tautoko te utu atamai i te taurite kawenga me te whakamahinga o ngā kōtaha utu
· Tautoko whakahaere rārangi (ā-rohe)
· Ngā āhua tāpiri: Ka tāpirihia he āhua tāpiri ki te tatauranga āhua o te pūwāhi utu hei whakarato i ngā CPO me ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga ki ētahi atu kōrero mō te āhua o nāianei o te pūwāhi utu
· Ngā tono tuku karere, pērā i te wā CP, te tūnga CP rānei
· Ngā whakapainga iti mō ngā whakatakotoranga (ki te whakarite ki te OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Ki te whakaritea ki te OCPP 1.6, ka kawea mai e te OCPP 2.0.1 ngā āhuatanga whakarei ake me ngā āheinga hou. Heoi anō, nā ēnei whakapainga ka kore e hototahi te OCPP 2.0.1 ki ngā putanga o mua (hei tauira, OCPP 1.6 me te OCPP 1.5).
Ngā Āhuatanga Hou OCPP 2.0.1 vs. OCPP 1.6
1. Ko te āhuatanga Whakahaere Pūrere (e mōhiotia ana ko te Tauira Pūrere) e whakamahia ana hei tiki me te whakatakoto i ngā whirihoranga me te aroturuki i ngā teihana utu.
Ko te Whakahaere Pūrere (e mōhiotia ana ko te Tauira Pūrere) he āhuatanga kua roa e tatarihia ana, ā, e tino manakohia ana e ngā CSO e whakahaere ana i ngā whatunga (uaua) o ngā teihana utu (mai i ngā kaihoko rerekē).
E whakarato ana i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
• Pūrongo rarangi taonga
• Kua whakapaitia te pūrongo hapa me te tūnga
• Whirihoranga kua whakapaitia
• Aroturukitanga ka taea te whakarite
Mā tēnei katoa ka āwhina i ngā CSO ki te whakaiti i ngā utu o te whakahaere i tētahi whatunga teihana utu.
Ngā kaihanga teihana utukei a rātou te mana ki te whakatau i te nui o ngā kōrero taipitopito mō ā rātou teihana utu hei whakaputa mā roto
Whakahaere Pūrere: hei tauira, ka taea e rātou te whakatau he aha ngā mea ka taea te aroturuki me ngā mea kāore e taea te aroturuki.
2. Ngā whakapainga hei whakahaere pai ake i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga nui
• Kotahi te karere e kapi ana i ngā mahi katoa e pā ana ki ngā tauwhitinga
• Te whakaiti raraunga
I whakaurua mai e te OCPP 1.6 te kawe JSON i runga i ngā Websockets, ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o ngā raraunga pūkoro. I whakaurua mai e te OCPP 2.0 te tautoko kōpeketanga WebSocket, ā, i whakaitihia anō te nui o ngā raraunga.
3. Ngā whakapainga i roto i te haumarutanga tukutuku
Kua tāpirihia ngā whakapainga e whai ake nei hei whakapakari i te kaha o OCPP ki te ātete i ngā whakaekenga ipurangi:
• Ngā kōtaha haumarutanga (3 taumata) mō te teihana utu me/ranei te manatoko CSMS me te haumarutanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
• Whakahaere matua mō ngā tiwhikete kiritaki
• Ngā whakahōunga pūmanawa haumaru
• Ngā rangitaki kaupapa haumarutanga
4. Te utu atamai roa
I roto i te OCPP 2.0.1, kua whakawhānuihia te mahi utu atamai (ki te whakarite ki te OCPP 1.6) hei tautoko i:
• Te urunga utu atamai tika mai i te pūnaha whakahaere pūngao (EMS) ki te teihana utu
• Kua whakapaitia te utu atamai me ngā pūmana ā-rohe
• Tautoko mō te utunga atamai whakauru o te CSMS,ngā teihana utume ngā waka hiko.
5. Tautoko i te ISO 15118
Ki te whakatauritea ki te IEC 61851, he kawa hou ake te paerewa ISO 15118 mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero EVSE ki EV. Mā te ISO 15118 ka taea te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga hou me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero haumaru ake i waenga i te EVSE me te EV. Ka tautokohia e te OCPP 2.0.1 te paerewa ISO 15118, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga hou ko:
• Mono me te Utu
• Te utu atamai, tae atu ki te whakauru mai i te waka hiko
6. Whakapai ake i te wheako o te kiritaki
• Ētahi atu kōwhiringa whakamanatanga
• Whakaatu karere
• Reo e pai ana mō te taraiwa EV
• Ngā utu me ngā utu
7. Kawa kawe: Ngā whakapainga OCPP-J
• Te ara karere māmā
• Kāore he tautoko mō te SOAP
Wā tuku: Mei-21-2025