Ngā Āwangawanga me ngā Otinga e pā ana ki ngā Taura Utu Kawe

Ngā Āwangawanga me ngā Otinga e pā ana ki ngā Taura Utu Kawe

1. Te Werawera me te Whakaiti Wera o te Mono Pū Utu

He tino uaua tēnei i te tata mai o te raumati (ina koa i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei o ngā karāti). He maha ngā taura utu kawe, ahakoa he pūoko pāmahana kei roto, he ngāwari ki te whakaoho i ngā tikanga tiaki nā te ātete nui o roto, nā te ngoikore rānei o te tohatoha wera, ka heke tere te tere utu, ka mutu rānei te hiko.

• Te horopaki o te ao tūturu: Ka hoki te rangatira waka ki te kāinga mai i te mutunga o te mahi ki tētahi karāti kua kati me te pāmahana hau tata ki te 35°C, ā, ka whakamahia e ia tētahi teihana utu kawe 32A e hono ana ki tētahi putanga NEMA 14-50, CEE rānei. I muri i te 30–45 meneti o te utunga, ka kitea e te taputapu he pikinga o te pāmahana o roto o te mono, o te pū utu rānei (ko ētahi waitohu iti iho i te 90°C). Hei ārai i te ahi, ka whakaiti aunoa te teihana utu i te iahiko mai i te 32A ki te 16A, ki te 12A rānei, ka mutu rānei te utunga ina puta te rama whero. Ka oho ake te rangatira waka i te ata i muri mai ka kite kāore anō kia utua katoatia te pākahiko.

• Urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi (Reddit / r/evcharging me r/TeslaLounge):

"Kei te whiwhi tonu ahau i tētahi whakatūpato kua heke te kaha o taku utu nā te wera nui o te putanga hiko. Ka tīmata i muri i te 30-45 meneti o te utunga ahakoa he wera, he makariri rānei i roto i taku karāti. Kei te iti ake te kaha o te utu nā te wera, ā, kāore e whai hua te utu ina hiahia ahau ki te whakakī tere i te pō."

"Mō taku, ko te mono-J/Schuko te mea ka wera, ā, ka rongohia, ka whakawhāitihia te iahiko. I te raumati, he raruraru tōku ki te wera nui o taku hiko i roto i te karāti, nō reira me whakaheke ā-ringa e au te mana ki te 24 amps mai i te mōrahi o te 32 kia kore ai e pakaru."

2. Te momotu kua whakaritea mō te pūmanawa me te korenga o te mana whakahaere Nihokikorangi Taupānga (Kua pakaru te utu kua whakaritea me te ngaronga o te hononga)

Tāpirihia mārire te Taupānga me te WiFi ki ngā puranga utu kawe. Nā te pikinga ake o te hononga Nihokikorangi, kua noho te whakaritenga taumata-pūmanawa (ina koa ko ngā taupatupatu i waenga i te wā o te teihana utu me te wā o te waka) hei raruraru hou, ā, he tino iti te tawhiti whakahaere Nihokikorangi.

• Ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga o te ao tūturu: Ko ngā kaipupuri waka, e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i ngā utu hiko i waho o te wā pīki, ka whakatakoto i ā rātou teihana utu kia tīmata te utu i waenganui pō i runga i te taupānga teihana utu. Heoi, nā ngā take tukutahi i waenga i te teihana utu me te pūnaha whakangahau o te waka, nā te momotu rānei i te papamuri o te taupānga, ka kore te teihana utu e tuku tohu "pairati whakahaere" ki te waka i te wā kua whakaritea, ā, ka mutu te utu. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka kitea e ngā kaiwhakamahi e noho ana i ngā whare noho, i ngā whare i hangaia e rātou anō i te papa tuarua, kāore e taea e ngā tohu Nihokikorangi te uru ki ngā pakitara, ka ārai i a rātou ki te tīmata mamao i te teihana utu, ki te tirotiro rānei i te tūnga utu.

• Urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi (Reddit / r/ElectricVehiclesUK me te Huinga Kōrero Team-BHP):

"Kua pakaru rawa te utu kua whakaritea. Ka whakaweto tonu te pātene i runga i te taupānga. Kua ngana ahau ki te whakarite i runga i te taupānga me te whakarite i runga i te motuka anake, ā, kāore he mea e mahi. Ki te kore e utua i roto i te utu iti e 8-hāora, ka panaia ahau ki te utu nui ake, he mea tino whakararuraru tēnei."

"Ko te mea anake e whakarihariha ana ki taku waeine kawe ko te mea ka taea anake te whakahaere mā te Nihokikorangi. Mai i te papa tuatahi, kāore au i te whānuitanga o te wā ki te whakahaere, ki te whakawhiti rānei i ngā amp. He aha te kore ai e taea e ēnei mea te whai hononga ranu pumau?"

3. Ka Ārahi te Tinihanga Tohu PWM ki te Wera o te Atanga Waka-Mutunga (Hapa Tohu me te Mōrearea Rewa i ngā Wāhanga Utu iti)

I runga i ngā huihuinga poutū ngaio me Reddit, kua tukuna e ngā miihini utu hiko ngā whakatūpato kaha mō ētahi taura utu kawe iti te utu kei te mākete kāore nei he tiwhikete mana (pēnei i te UL, TÜV)—ā rātou tohu arataki whakahaere (Mana Whakahaere… He hapa hoahoa tō te teihana utu hiko a te Pilot e tohutohu hē ana i te waka kia nui rawa te iahiko.

• Te horopaki o te ao tūturu: Ka hokona e te rangatira waka he taura utu kawe iti te utu, he 40A te rahi (e hokona ana i runga i ngā tūāpapa hokohoko ipurangi tuatoru). Ina monohia ki roto i te waka he nui ake te rohenga mana utu (pērā i te Ford Mustang Mach-E, e taea ai te tango i te 48A AC), ka hē te arorau whakahaere ā-roto (tohu PWM) o te teihana utu. Engari i te whakamōhio atu ki te waka ko tōna iahiko mōrahi he 40A, ka tukuna he tohu e tuku ana i te iahiko teitei ake. Ka tīmata te waka ki te kukume iahiko i te tere katoa, ā, ka mutu ka rewa ngā pine o te pane utu, ā, ka kino pea te rihi utu nui o te waka.

• Urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi (pou a Reddit / r/electricvehicles expert me ngā kōrero whakahē):

"I te āhua nei i mangere, i hē rānei ngā kōrero a ngā kaihanga mō tēnei waeine iti te utu… e kī ana ki ngā EV he nui ake te kaha ki te tuku i te auhiko i tōna taumata tūturu. I neke atu taku Mach-E i te rohe, ā, i eke ngā pine J-plug ki te 200°F i roto i te hawhe haora. I rewa rawa te putanga utu o taku waka, ā, kei te whakakahoretia e te kaihokohoko te pūtāhui nā te mea he taputapu ehara i te OEM!"

4. Te Taumahatanga Ā-ringa me te Taumahatanga Taumaha:

Ngā teihana utu kawe kaha-teitei (pērā iNgā teihana utu wāhanga-toru 22KW/32A(ngā teihana utu kotahi-wāhanga 7.2KW rānei) he maha ngā taura taumaha me ngā pouaka whakahaere taumaha (ICCB), ka waiho hei kawenga tinana nui i roto i ngā mahi o waho, i ngā puni, i ngā horopaki rānei kāore he matau pumau.

• Te whakamahinga o te ao tūturu: Ka utua e ngā kaiwhakamahi ā rātou taputapu mō te wā poto i a rātou e haereere ana i runga i te rori, i ngā puni, i ngā whare noho Airbnb rānei e retihia ana. Nā te mea kei waenganui o te pakitara ngā tūhono pakitara (pērā i te CEE, i te NEMA 5-15/14-50 rānei) ā, kāore he matau, he tautoko rānei, ko te taumaha katoa o te pouaka whakahaere me ngā taura taumaha ka riro i te mono kua whakaurua ki roto i te pakitara me te hiku poto. Mā te roa o te pikaunga taumaha ka wetekina te mono, ka puta he āwhata, ā, ka haehae, ka whakapē rānei i te panera tūhono kirihou i runga i te pakitara.

• Urupare a ngā Kaiwhakamahi (Rōpū Rangatira EV o Facebook me Reddit):

"Ahakoa te taumaha o te whakamarumaru, he taura taumaha rawa tēnei. Mēnā kāore au i tautoko i te pouaka i roto i te hononga pūkoro, ā, i tukua noa kia iri, ka pāngia te hononga i waenga i te urutau me te pakitara e taua taumahatanga tinana. Nā te wera nui, ka wetekina te putanga hiko, ā, ka kitea te āhua rerekē o te kirihou."

"He tino taumaha rawa te pouaka whakahaere. I te mea e iri ana i te putanga o te pāka RV noa, ka piko ngā manga o te mono i roto i te haerenga e rua wiki te roa. Me whai whitiki paerewa, me whai whakamāmā totoro pai ake rānei ki roto i te taura hiku.

5. Ngā Hapa Whakatakotoranga me ngā Hapa "Kehua":

Hei taputapu "kawe", ko tōna painga matua ko te taea te mono i ngā wā katoa, i ngā wāhi katoa. Heoi, he rerekē te kounga o te whatunga hiko i ngā wāhi rerekē (ngā whare i hangaia i te kāinga, ngā hōtēra tawhito, ngā miihini hiko rangitahi). Ko ngā taura utu kawe me te tino pakari o te kitenga whenua, te kore rānei o te "takahi whenua" ka kore e whai hua i ngā wā ohorere.

• Te whakamahinga o te ao tūturu: Ka pāngia ngā kaipupuri waka e te manukanuka i te tawhiti i a rātou e haere ana i runga i te rori, ā, ka taea e rātou te tango i tētahi pūoko pakitara noa mai i tētahi whare manuhiri tuawhenua, i tētahi toa i te taha o te rori, i te whare tawhito rānei o tētahi hoa. Heoi, i te mononga atu, ka mura tonu te rama whero o te teihana utu kawe, e whakaatu ana i te "Hapa Whenua". Nā te mea kāore he waea whenua tika i roto i ngā waea o ngā whare tawhito, nā te mea rānei kua hurihia ngā waea kūpapa me ngā waea ora. Ahakoa e tautoko ana ētahi waka i te utu puhoi ohorere i te korenga o tētahi waea whenua (hei tauira, mā te whakaiti i te iahiko), ka raka noa te teihana utu ka kore e taea te whakamahi, ka takahi i tana kaupapa hei "kawe ohorere."

• Urupare a ngā kaiwhakamahi (Facebook / EV Road Trippers Group):

"I te haerenga, i tangohia e au tētahi putanga hiko o muri mai i tētahi toa o te rohe, engari kāore taku rihi hiko kawe i pai ki te tīmata, ā, e whakaatu ana i tētahi 'PE Fault' (Grounding Fault) tuturu. Kāore i te whenua te putanga hiko o te toa. E mōhio ana ahau he āhuatanga haumaru tēnei, engari ina noho koe i waenganui o te korekore, me tino hiahia ahau ki tētahi kōwhiringa hei karo, hei whakakore rānei i tēnei hei kukume i te iti rawa 6A/8A kia haumaru!"

Hei tohunga hua a CHINAEVSE, he maha ngā tau o te wheako ki te mara EVSE (Taputapu Waka Hiko), e mōhio ana mātou kei te wā hurihuri haere ngā rihi EV kawe, mai i te "taea ki te utu" ki te "utu atamai me te haumaru."

Hei aro atu ki ngā tino take mamae kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka tūtohu ahau i tētahi otinga hua o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei e whakakotahi ana i te "whakahaere wera urutau o ngā wā katoa me te hononga arorau atamai."

"Whakarerekētanga Āhuatanga Katoa" o te Whakatipuranga e Whai Ake NeiNgā Taura Utu KaweOtinga Hua

1. Take Matua: Te "Patu Whakaiti Au" i te Pāmahana Teitei me te Rewa o ngā Taputapu

Te Mamae o Nāianei: Neke atu i te 65% o ngā amuamu a ngā kaiwhakamahi e pā ana ki te raumati, ki ngā āhuatanga karāti kua kati rānei, nā te ngaronga o te pai o te utu i puta mai i te wera nui o te pane mono/pū. He tino ohorere te arorau whakaiti iahiko o nāianei (he maturuturunga tere) ā, kāore e tino tiakina te pito o te putanga hiko.

2. Tātaritanga Pūtake Hōhonu

• Te Ārai i te Pūmārō: Ko ngā puranga utu kawe tuku iho ka whakauruhia te ine pāmahana ki roto i te pouaka whakahaere (ICCB), ka warewarehia te wāhi tino wera—te pūwāhi pa i waenga i te mono me te putanga hiko.

• Kāore i te Rawaka te Taurite Hihiri: He uara tūmau te tohu PWM i roto i ngā otinga iti te utu, ā, kāore e taea te whakarerekē hihiri i runga i ngā huringa aukati wā-tūturu.

• Te Tangohanga Ātete Ā-Mīhini: Ka puta he ātete kore taurite i runga i te mono nā te pouaka whakahaere taumaha. Ahakoa ngā āputa iti ka piki ake te ātete pa. E ai ki te ture a Joule,

mā te pikinga iti o te ātete pa R ka piki ake te wera i te tere tere.

3. Otinga: Pūnaha Parenga Hononga-3D

A. Hangarau Huinga NTC Toru-Pōwāhi

E toru ngā pūwāhi e whakatūria ana ngā whakamahana NTC tino tika: te pane o te pū utu, te matua o te pouaka whakahaere, me te mono pakitara.

• Te Whakaiti Auaha Raina Atamai: Te whakarērea i te momo whakaweto "0/1". Ina tae te pāmahana o te mono ki te 75°C, ka whakaitihia mārire e te pūnaha te auaha i te auau taahiraa o te 1A ia meneti tae noa ki te taurite wera.

B. Hoahoa Whakatārewatanga Taumahatanga Kore-Pēhanga (Patene Whakaora Taumahatanga)

• Auahatanga Hanganga: Kua whakauruhia ngā whitiki silicone kukū-teitei me te pereti tuara aukume ki te tuara o te pouaka whakahaere. I roto i ngā āhuatanga utunga rangitahi, ka taea te here i te taumaha o te pouaka ki te pakitara, ki te whāriki rānei, kia tika ai te whakauru whakapae o te mono, kia whakaitihia ai te ātete pa atu mā te neke atu i te 40%.

C. Porowhita Urutau "Pūrua-Whenua"

• Aratau Hototahi: He waeine kimi wehewehe kua hangaia mō ngā whatunga hiko tawhito. Ina kitea he rahunga whenua engari he rawaka te whakamarumaru taiao, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakahohe ā-ringa i te "Aratau Ohorere" (te whakawhāiti i te au ki te 8A) mā te taupānga hei whakatau i ngā wero whakakī hiko āhua koraha.

4. Raraunga Tautoko

1. Te Whakakī Hiko Tere Ake i te 30%: I roto i ngā whakamātautau taiao tino nui i te 38°C, ka pau te hiko i ngā taputapu e whakamahi ana i te hangarau "whakaiti iahiko maeneene raina" i roto i ngā haora 8 o te whakakī katoa i te hiko, ki te whakataurite ki ngā taputapu "whakaiti iahiko tere-heke" tuku iho.

2. Hototahi 99.9%: Nā te waeine "Ghost-Ground", kua piki ake te reiti angitu o te utunga ringaringa i roto i ētahi hapori whatunga hiko tawhito i Amerika ki te Tonga me Āhia mai i te 72% ki te 99.9%.

3. Te Whakahaere Pikinga Pāmahana <15°C: Mā te arotau i te tukanga whakakikorua hiriwa me te hanganga whakapā o ngā pine mono, ka whakaitihia te pikinga pāmahana o te mono mā te 15°C ki te whakaritea ki ngā hua matua o te mākete i raro i te putanga kawenga katoa 32A tonu.

5. Tauira Whakamahinga: Whakamātautau Utu Ao Tūturu i runga i te Huarahi Maunga o Nōwei

• Papamuri: I utu te rangatira i tā rātou waka i tētahi whare manuhiri tūmatanui i Nōwei. He tawhito te putanga hiko, kāore he waea whenua, ā, ka tino piki haere te pāmahana i raro i te rā.

• Tukanga:

1. I te mononga atu, ka kitea he whakatūpato "kāore he waea whenua", ā, ka mura te tohu pouaka whakahaere ki te whero. I whakahohehia e te rangatira te "Aratau ohorere" mā te taupānga.

2. I muri i te rua hāora o te utunga, ka tīmata te wera o te pūoko o te whare manuhiri nā te angiangi o ōna waea, ā, ka eke te pānui NTC o te mono ki te 80°C.

3. Urupare Pūnaha: I heke haere āta, ā, i heke whakarara hoki te iahiko mai i te 16A ki te 10A, ā, i noho pūmau te pāmahana i te 72°C.

• Hua: I muri i te 10 hāora o te utu, kua tae te waka ki te 150km te tawhiti, kāore he aukati utu, he pakaru rānei. I kī te rangatira, "Koinei anake te teihana utu e mahi ana i tēnei wāhi kua whakarērea."

Ngā Pātai Auau a te Tohunga: 5 Ngā Pātai e Pātai Auau Ana

Q1: He mea noa te wera o te mono i te wā e utu ana?

Whakautu a te Tohunga: Kei roto i te awhe paerewa te pikinga pāmahana noa (te pāmahana taiao + 30°C). Heoi, ki te ngohengohe, ki te haunga rānei ngā wāhanga kirihou o te mono, me whakamutu tonu. Ka whakamahia e tā mātou otinga he tukanga whakamātotoru hiriwa me te whakaiti i te iahiko rārangi hei whakarite kia noho tonu te pāmahana o te mata o te mono i raro i te "paepae mura" e kitea ana e te ringa tangata.

P2: He aha te take e whakaatu noa ai taku teihana utu 32A i te 24A i runga i te taupānga?

Whakautu a te Tohunga: Ko te tikanga ka whakaohohia tēnei e te "parepare kaha". Ka kitea e te pūnaha ngā pikinga nui o te ngaohiko i roto i tō whare, te pikinga tere rānei o te pāmahana i te putanga hiko. Hei tiaki i tō rihi utu nui (OBC) me te haumaru o te ara iahiko kāinga, ka whakatikatikahia e ia te rohenga iahiko.

Q3: He haumaru te utu me te kore he waea whenua?

Whakautu Tohunga: Ko te tikanga, ko te waea whenua te rārangi parepare whakamutunga. Ko tā mātou aratau ohorere he mea here ki te utunga poto noa iho, ā, he tino tairongo te ārai turuturu (te motuhanga hiko inamata mō te ia turuturu > 30mA), he mea haumaru ake i te tikanga hangarua o te tapahi noa i te waea whenua.

Q4: Ka taea e au te horoi tika i te teihana utu e mahi ana ki te wai?

Whakautu a te Tohunga: He IP66 te ātete puehu o ā mātou taputapu, ā, he ātete wai hoki, arā, ka taea te tu atu i te ua nui. Heoi, kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia ngā pupuhi wai pēhanga teitei, nā te mea ka kino pea ngā hiri, ka puta hoki he turuturu iti.

P5: He aha i taumaha rawa ai te taura o tēnei teihana utu kawe i ētahi atu i whakaritea ki ētahi atu teihana utu (UL2594 vs EN 62752)? Whakautu Tohunga: Ko te "Taumaha" he tohu i ngā rauemi kounga teitei ake. Hei tautoko i ngā paerewa tiwhikete haumaru o tētahi teihana utu kawe 22kW i ngā mākete nui o te ao (pērā i te UL2594 o Amerika Te Raki me te EN 62752 o Ūropi), ka whakamahia e mātou he parahi parakore kore-hāora 99.99% hei whakarite i te mana teitei me te kore e wera rawa. Ko te hanganga māmā he tikanga he whakaiti i te diameter matua parahi, he tino take tēnei o te wera rawa me ngā ahi.